Why The EV Industry Has A Massive Supply Problem

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Published 2022-03-08
The United States has a lithium supply problem. Lithium-ion batteries are in everything we use — in phones, laptops, tablets, cameras and increasingly cars. Demand for lithium-ion batteries has risen sharply in the past five years and is expected to grow from a $44.2 billion market in 2020 to a $94.4 billion market by 2025.

This is largely due to the boom in electric cars. Nearly every major automaker has announced a transition to electric vehicles. Tesla delivered almost one million cars in 2021, and electric vehicle companies like Rivian and Lucid are rolling new models off the line. In order to power all of these EVs, we will need batteries, lots of them. Electric vehicle growth will be responsible for more than 90% of demand for lithium by 2030, according to Benchmark Mineral Intelligence. This vital mineral in rechargeable batteries has earned the name “white gold” and the rush is on.

Former Tesla CTO and Elon Musk’s right-hand man, JB Straubel, started Redwood Materials in 2017 to help address the need for more raw materials and to solve the problem of e-waste. The company recycles end-of-life batteries and then supplies battery makers and auto companies with materials in short supply as EV production surges around the world. Straubel gave CNBC an inside look at its first recycling facility in Carson City, Nevada.

Cobalt also deserves a lot of attention because it is one of the most expensive materials found in lithium-ion batteries. Cobalt extraction is largely concentrated in the Democratic Republic of Congo, where it is linked to human rights abuses and child labor, while cobalt refinement is almost exclusively done in China, making cobalt part of a tenuous supply chain. These are some of the reasons why battery manufacturers like Samsung and Panasonic and car makers like Tesla and VW, along with a number of startups are working to eliminate cobalt from lithium-ion batteries completely.

Segments:
00:00 -- How Tesla’s Battery Mastermind Is Tackling EV’s Biggest Problem
18:31 -- Why The U.S. Has A Massive Lithium Supply Problem
34:39 -- How Removing Cobalt From Batteries Can Make EVs Cheaper

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Why The EV Industry Has A Massive Supply Problem

All Comments (21)
  • The problem is we are using only thinking about replacing gasoline vehicles with EVs. We need to also build robust electrified transportation infrastructure like urban rails and intercity rails. Many parts of the world - Asia and Europe are leaders in building convenient and robust rail system to solve traffic congestion. If we are building EVs so we have all sit in traffic just like before, we haven't solved anything.
  • @CasparOgden
    Nvidia stock is roaring like many did during the 1990s bubble. But this time around, the hype around new chips is happening in a more mature demand environment. I want to invest more than $300k, but not sure on how to mitigate risk
  • Successful people don't become that way overnight. What most people see at a glance- wealth, a great career, purpose-is the result of hard work and hustle over time. I pray that anyone who reads this will be successful in life..
  • I have to give credit where it's due... I love the fact that you guys are producing and posting videos that dive deep into the granular details related to complex issues like electric vehicles, energy storage etc... *I have been so fed up with so many channels that post 2-3 minute videos covering stuff like this that simply cannot adequately cover all of the details!
  • Easy solution, offer to pay people for their old electronics if they're that valuable to you
  • @Zarnubius
    I can't remember the last time I watched a corporate news piece that was this well researched and informative. this is the role that press really need to leverage, access to these people and players in the real world.
  • The wisest thing that should be on every wise individual's list is to invest in different stream of income and don't depend on the government to bring in money especially now the pandemic is hitting the economy
  • @cpa889900
    Interesting...my Best Buy wouldn't accept my battery for recycling. I was told that Best Buy doesn't participate in the recycling of batteries anymore
  • @finned958
    It’s not easy to dispose of old batteries. I wish I can place in Trash cans and they take it away for recycling.
  • @oby-1607
    There needs to be a world standard that all batteries are made to be easily recyclable. This would speed the recycle process and reduce/prevent toxic substances going to landfills.
  • @bigjd2k
    Make device manufacturers make the batteries removable by the consumer, that simplifies recycling straight away!
  • @uchannel1197
    There is such a thing as LFP Lithium Iron Phosphate Battery from CATL and BYD. Its Cobalt and Nickel Free. Its safer too.
  • The problem with this...article... is that it only talks about EVs. The effects of the pandemic is affecting ALL manufacturers - both on a minerals and parts supply side. There's a huge demand for materials used in catalytic converters that there' far more thefts coming off of vehicles on the street. Do EVs need to figure out the recycle issues? Absolutely, but so does the rest of the industry. Oh, and don't forget that lithium is abundant and that the amount of that material being used is decreasing as newer chemistries are being worked through.
  • I get the feeling that by swapping to EV's we are just swapping one problem for another!
  • @raghunomics
    Thank you and yes, excellent work indeed. Bravo.
  • @geesaidit541
    Excellent report! This type of information is typically so obscure or hidden from average consumers. It is so helpful to be educated on the effects and options we have using products. At least this way we can make more informed and intelligent decisions. Thank you CNBC!
  • @Intaberna986
    29:35 This chart is confusing. How is it possible that LFP batteries are only 6% of the BEV market when China uses mainly LFP batteries for their cars and they were 50% of the EV market in 2021?
  • @John-eq8cu
    excellent journalism. Thank you so much for sharing.
  • @jimcherry685
    And copper. Each EV uses 200 pounds or more of copper. Improved generation and transmission of electricity will add more to the demand for copper. More lithium, more cobalt, more nickel, more copper all require more mining, never mind the recycling. Recycling is good, but woefully insufficient to the need.