Repressed Memories, Dissociative Amnesia, PTSD, and the Memory Wars

Published 2022-12-01
The idea of repressed memories goes all the way back to Freud, through the 90’s when therapists accidentally implanted people with false memories, through the courtrooms, and into today where the idea of repressed memories is still popular among lay people and controversial among therapists and researchers.
So today you’ll learn three skills for better understanding lost memories, aka dissociative amnesia or repressed memories (or at least my opinion about it).
The idea of repressed memories goes all the way back to Freud, one of his first patients, Anna O had all sorts of unexplained physical symptoms, when she began talking with her doctor about her life, previously forgotten memories of trauma came back and as she talked about them, her physical symptoms went away. Freud developed the concept of repression, that current symptoms are all related to something that happened in the past, that we repress the memories to protect ourselves, and that we must analyze our psyche in order to uncover it, integrate it and then be freed from it. So that’s where the whole process of psychoanalysis came from, the idea of patients laying on a couch, talking about their childhood.
But this concept of repressed memories has become very controversial, because of the way memory works.
Most people assume that memory is like a video, your memory records things as they actually happened and stores those memories away, permanently. But memory doesn’t work like that, memories are highly influenced by our biases and how we’re feeling during or after an event.

Even Freud learned that many of the things that his patients “remembered” weren’t actual events. Memories can be altered, implanted, influenced, and straight up created under suggestion. Lot’s of laboratory experiments have demonstrated that our memories are terribly fickle.

If you want to see for yourself how this can work, watch this YouTube video “Take This Test and Experience How False Memories Are Made”.    • Take This Test and Experience How Fal...  

After I filmed this video on repressed memories and dissociative amnesia, the NYT published a very relevant article and two strong opinions on it: www.nytimes.com/2022/09/27/opinion/recovered-memor…
www.nytimes.com/2022/10/29/opinion/letters/mental-…

0:00 - Intro: how to heal from trauma part 3
1:22 - Why repressed memories are controversial
5:54 - How I approach repressed memories/dissociative amnesia as a therapist
7:06 - Why we sometimes forget trauma
9:19 - What you can do if you have repressed memories

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Therapy in a Nutshell and the information provided by Emma McAdam are solely intended for informational and entertainment purposes and are not a substitute for advice, diagnosis, or treatment regarding medical or mental health conditions. Although Emma McAdam is a licensed marriage and family therapist, the views expressed on this site or any related content should not be taken for medical or psychiatric advice. Always consult your physician before making any decisions related to your physical or mental health.
In therapy I use a combination of Acceptance and Commitment Therapy, Systems Theory, positive psychology, and a bio-psycho-social approach to treating mental illness and other challenges we all face in life. The ideas from my videos are frequently adapted from multiple sources. Many of them come from Acceptance and Commitment Therapy, especially the work of Steven Hayes, Jason Luoma, and Russ Harris. The sections on stress and the mind-body connection derive from the work of Stephen Porges (the Polyvagal theory), Peter Levine (Somatic Experiencing) Francine Shapiro (EMDR), and Bessel Van Der Kolk. I also rely heavily on the work of the Arbinger institute for my overall understanding of our ability to choose our life's direction.
And deeper than all of that, the Gospel of Jesus Christ orients my personal worldview and sense of security, peace, hope, and love www.churchofjesuschrist.org/comeuntochrist/believe

If you are in crisis, please contact the National Suicide Prevention Hotline at suicidepreventionlifeline.org/ or 1-800-273-TALK (8255) or your local emergency services.
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All Comments (21)
  • Not remembering can keep you in a dysfunctional family system with abuse. A part of healing is remembering and grieving. It takes time but yes recall is important
  • @gail9566
    I'm a psychiatric nurse who started working 30 years ago. I sat in with a psychiatrist once who completely led his patient through suggestion with an over the top situation that she insisted she had no memory of. I was utterly disgusted with the scenario and felt very concerned for his patients. So much so that I reported him to the college of physicians.
  • I just roll with this: if I don't remember it I don't worry about it. I remember more than enough as is. I have decided to trust my own mind-body. Whatever I've suppressed or filtered out will either come back to me at some point or it won't. Whatever I don't remember right now is apparently something I'm not ready to handle. If something does recall itself to me I'll deal with it at that point.
  • @catherine5064
    I had repressed a traumatic experience until the aggressor contacted me decades later to apologize and it triggered my memory. They never said what they did - they just said they wanted to apologize for “what they had done”. At the time of the apology I wasn’t sure what they were talking about but as I drove home fragments of memories came together until the full event became clear. As I thought about it more and more I realized how the event had shaped my life in ways I hadn’t realized. I promptly found a therapist and talked it out. It helped a lot.
  • Memories sometimes flood back on their own without a therapist’s intervention.
  • I can 100% guarantee that forgetting a traumatic event is possible… I’ve been through SA from someone very important to me… and completely forgot about it for years. It’s only when the person died that while talking with my sister about how I thought I remembered strange dreams (without saying what they were), that she also admitted to having gone through the same thing… and that’s when I realized that it wasn’t dreams… it has happened and all of a sudden I started to remember bits of what happened afterwards that prompted me to forget. Without talking to anyone else about it mind you.. it wasn’t a case of hearing someone saying something and « suddenly remembering that very thing ». Obviously there’s a lot more details to this story but the important part is that for years I could not remember any of that abuse… even if someone else I knew went through something similar, I’d be like « I can’t imagine how hard this must be for you… » without even remembering that I did go through the same thing! It’s crazy! And then BOOM! It just came back as if it was a fuzzy dream one day… and is now weighing on me constantly… not ready to deal with it at all right now… and I wish I could forget it again but I can’t…
  • This is my curse. My worst enemy, my biggest frustration. I'm almost 20 and I cannot remember the past 4 hours (I had a breakdown). I cannot trust my memories, I cannot remember my nightmares, and many times, I can't say what's a dream and what's not. I wrote a poem about it that I don't expect anybody to care about but here it is just in case. Thanks for the video! Feels nice to not be alone. SHARDS. One's past is oft a glass painting that ever grows - The glass canvas of one's brain, being painted over With the colours of experience. If the glass cracks due to stress and age, Then your past stands out as a mosaic - Shattered memories collected over the years Crushed and splintered and broken by unspeakable pain And you are left with pieces and a gaping hole Where you should remember your life. The splinters pierce your being and make you bleed tears and screams And you are left alone with your insecurities, shaped by flames atop a stove, To piece your life back together, And revive the brilliant masterpiece Of an artistic depiction of joy and pain and growth Resisting cracks of trauma until it no longer could hold, No longer could bear to resist the pressure upon its shatter-point, And it gave away from its hamartia, As it all came crumbling down Within a growing child's brain. You will never get the original back, With some pieces crushed beyond repair, And many others lost forever. You, by yourself, attempt to arrange your life together, To piece together what makes you, To make sense of a puzzle with holes and crumbs And some pieces so sharply painful You cannot hold it or even look at it. A semblance of comfort is offered When you remember that a glass painting and a mosaic Are both works of art - One with its perfect, smooth elegance, And one with its broken beauty built back anew Into something that isn't what it was, but something new, something healing, Something of a miracle. Who are you? Who were you? Who could you be? Some questions will never be answered, Lest they chip away the dry paint, The few remainders of originality, The final bonds of sanity, Desperately hanging on to broken shards of glass.
  • This!!! 25 years in a narc/abusive marriage and I can barely remember anything! I used to forget he yelled and go on with life! A friend told me to keep track of my memory losses and evey one of them happened after his fighting. Even now, I sometimes catch myself dissociating when something negative enough happens.
  • Similarly to the car accident example, I had a memory come flooding back. I was not in a therapist office, I was at home watching a film. The main character in the film experienced something and that triggered the memory for me. I believe it to be a true memory. It came back in flashes one after the other until I eventually had the full story pieced together. It was really intense and emotional. I’m glad I was by myself. I ended up knelt on the floor doubled-over because it was so intense having all these flashes and I broke out in a sweat. I don’t believe I would’ve had that physiological response if it hadn’t been a real memory.
  • I knew a young person many years ago that had no memory of abuse (her siblings remembered it and it was medically established to have occured so she "knew" logically it had occured). She told me that she did not want to recover those memories, she did experience some issues with her siblings due to her missing memories, but overall she felt better not having memories of those events.
  • @swifterr7
    wonderful video! something I want to add from my own experience of healing is that remembering is not always helpful. If you replay a past scenario in your head over and over again, you will relive that painful experience repeatedly. its important to understand how past memories are impacting us but seeking new experiences simultaneously is important aswell. recall your experience only if necessary, but focus more on the present moment, on moving forward, and what the future holds.
  • I'm 70, and I didn't know things had changed so much in terms of repressed memories. I remember little of my childhood and grew up in a very dysfunctional and abusive family. For years when I was younger, I felt like I should be in therapy but the thought of being hypnotized by a therapist when it was just myself and them terrified me. Good to know that most therapists don't do this anymore. Thanks for the information!
  • @thycuteho
    I’ve experienced having False Memories. I used to love watching True Crime videos/documentaries ALOT for years. During the first few years, it just ignited my fascination with crime investigation and knowing the victims’ stories. They never triggered me or affected me in any way but as more years went by and I’m indulging myself more and more in many true crime stories, I’ve gradually become affected & triggered by them. I even cried for for the victims—especially kids—as if I knew them personally. It was so weird like I was actually feeling the similar fear of the victims moments before they died and grief of the family members. Next thing I know , it started to affect me and how I perceive my life. I started to ruminate and overthink stuff that happened to me as a child, etc that I would sometimes be in panic as I remember “memories” that “might’ve happened” to me. Mindfulness and not indulging in too much overthinking has helped me recover. I also rarely watch true crime shows now bc ik it still has some impact on my mental health. We really need to be mindful of the content we consume on the internet
  • Emma, you handled this sensitive topic beautifully ((hugs)). I used to be troubled about forgetting all the trauma as well as grades 1-10. My therapist, like you, won't lead, but says IF a memory is needed it will happen when it is safe and leads to more healing. Thx for sharing
  • After first year of therapy I was finally diagnosed with CPTSD. Thankfully I had a wonderful therapist. I continued seeing her for about 10 years. I have very little memories. We tried EMDR, I couldn't do it ,made me have a real skin crawling feeling, with only trying 2 times. So at the close of therapy, she said with just the things I do remember is enough, things I didn't realize where abnormal. So its frustrating because I go through periods where I want to know everything but I have to assume that I am being protected from something I would not be able to handle. So here I am with a real messed up diagnosis.
  • @amgod40
    Love your channel Emma. Thanks for everything you do!
  • Your channel is amazing! It allows me to address some personal issues with kindness and patience. And it also brings helpful understanding of the processes in the brain. Thank you for sharing all this knowledge and experience.
  • @jygood3718
    Thank you. You've helped by giving me confidence in the way my therapist is dealing with past trauma.
  • @lumwong7237
    Thanks much Emma. The video is so relieving to me coz I had child abuse trauma and I just kept feeling scared and unsafe thru out my life and constantly reminding and blaming my parents for doing so through out my life. I just knew from you that is how we feel and think and interpret the trauma that made us worse. Thanks Emma 😊
  • @juliewilt9732
    I'm from a strongly abusive, narcissistic family; I remember ALL of it!