A New Species of Orca is Changing Marine Biology

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Published 2024-04-13
#orca #orcas #kpassionate
A marine biologist reacts to the discovery of a new species of orca and the 49 unstoppable orcas who are reshaping marine biology.

00:00 - KPassionate
01:07 - How Many Types of Orca Are There?
02:28 - Orca in the Pacific Northwest
03:12 - Sperm Whale vs Orca
05:12 - New Species of Orca
06:43 - Are Killer Whales Endangered?
07:37 - How to Save Southern Resident Killer Whales
08:19 - Snake River Dams

There are an estimated 50,000 orcas found in every ocean of the world. Currently classified as the same species, Orcinus orca, they are all distinct variations known as ecotypes. Each orca ecotype has a unique physiology, appearance, and hunting behavior. In the Pacific Northwest we have the resident, offshore, and Bigg's killer whales. Now, researchers have confirmed that resident and Bigg's killer whales are entirely different species. Genetic analysis found these orcas likely diverged between 200,000 and 300,000 years ago.

“Knowing resident and Bigg's killer whales are unique species is incredibly important from a conservation standpoint. It’s challenging to create effective conservation policies for a globally distributed species like orca because animals in different regions of the world are all facing different threats.”
Scripps Institution of Oceanography

For the Southern Resident orca, the greatest threat is a lack of food. Specifically, Chinook Salmon from the Columbia and Snake River systems. Research shows that the survival and reproductive success of these orcas is correlated with Chinook salmon abundance. Increasing salmon abundance is an integral component of the species recovery plan.

Support breaching the Snake River Dams:
[1] www.columbiariverkeeper.org/take-action/snake-rive…
National Geographic on the Snake River Dams
[2]    • Remove the Dams to Save the Salmon? |...  
Read the Washington State LSRD Benefit Replacement Report
[3] governor.wa.gov/sites/default/files/2022-11/LSRD%2…
See the argument against breaching these dams
[4] nwriverpartners.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/BPA…

Sources
[1] www.aquaticmammalsjournal.org/article/evidence-for…
[2] royalsocietypublishing.org/doi/10.1098/rsos.231368
[3] www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7928517/
[4] www.popularmechanics.com/science/animals/a60234154…
[5] media.fisheries.noaa.gov/2024-02/KillerWhalePoster…
[6] www.smithsonianmag.com/smart-news/there-should-be-…
[7] alaskapublic.org/2018/02/02/endangered-orcas-are-s…
[8] www.seattletimes.com/seattle-news/climate-lab/exti…
[9] earthjustice.org/feature/salmon-timeline-snake-riv…
[10] apnews.com/article/salmon-tribes-snake-river-dam-e…
[11] apnews.com/article/salmon-dams-tribes-columbia-sna…
[12] www.columbian.com/news/2024/jan/02/plan-to-breach-…
[13] www.oregonlive.com/environment/2023/12/efforts-of-…

Aerial Footage: Resident Killer Whale J50
NOAA Fisheries, filmed under NMFS research permit #19786

Type D Killer Whale Research Team 2019,
Taken under Chilean Sub-Secretary of Fisheries and Aquaculture
Research Permit, Res. Ex. 1811 (31 May 2017) and Res. Ex. 4402 (18 December 2018)
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Additional Imagery
NOAA Photo Library
JSUBiology
   • What do killer whales eat in the Nort...  
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   • Orcas Breach Near Shore as They Hunt ...  
www.tiktok.com/@aprilboyes/video/72391278129327178…
orcaresearchstrust.org
Stov - stock.adobe.com
timelabpro - stock.adobe.com
BlackBoxGuild - soundstripe.com
Chad Stembridge - stock.adobe.com
aerocainua - stock.adobe.com
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markconnell - soundstripe.com
Aggi Schmid - stock.adobe.com

All Comments (21)
  • @KPassionate
    Support the removal of the Snake River dams → www.columbiariverkeeper.org/take-action/snake-rive… Learn more about the Snake River Dams from NatGeo → https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=DK5nUXkrz8o Read the Washington State report on the LSRD Benefit Replacement Report → governor.wa.gov/sites/default/files/2022-11/LSRD%2… See the argument against breaching these dams → nwriverpartners.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/BPA… 10 resident orcas were caught in fishing nets → https://youtu.be/Xdu-6JavJcg Learn more about the Gladis orca → https://youtu.be/C0cGdd9lUgY
  • When you said "Why does this matter?" I immediately said "Conservation!". I had no idea there were so many orcas in the world, and it's so cool to learn about subspecies and ecotypes! I love wolves and I'm very sad that some subspecies and ecotypes have either gone extinct or still suffer from lack of conservation efforts, I don't want to see the same happen to any other animals. On one hand, it's sad that we even need conservation efforts, but on the other hand, some people really don't realize how important other animals are and how much of an impact human actions have had. I'm gonna sign that petition to destroy the dams ASAP! 🧡
  • @Mcat7101
    Fascinating. I had no idea there were so many subspecies and types of orca, or that their differences are so distinct. I will watch this again to make sure i have not missed anything. Thank you
  • I am here for the orca content - they are such fascinating animals. Great video!
  • @MermaidMusings7
    The orcas found in the Pacific Northwest are incredibly unique. Despite sharing the same waters, the Southern Resident and Bigg's orcas have not shared a common ancestor for thousands of years. Interestingly, whenever they have been observed in close proximity, the Southern Residents have always chased the Bigg's orcas out of their territory. There was even an incident where researchers witnessed the Residents chasing the Bigg's, resulting in blood in the water. During this encounter, the Residents had a new calf, and while the rest of the pod chased the Bigg's away, the baby stayed behind with its mother and grandmother. Perhaps the fish-eating Residents feel threatened by the mammal-eating Bigg's orcas, but the exact reason remains unknown. It's worth noting that Southern Residents do not even socialize with Northern Residents despite being very similar in many ways. Southern Resident orcas, both males and females, remain with their mothers and grandmothers throughout their lifetime. They are the most extensively studied and iconic orca population, and it is crucial to protect them.
  • @ncwordman
    You are such a good teacher. I rejoice when I see a new video from you, because I know I'm going to learn a bunch of new stuff.
  • @brdacumos
    I’ve literally been wondering about how orcas could all be the same species for years thanks for shedding light on this
  • @ComplacentOtter
    Such a great video! When people in the PNW say we want to save the salmon, it's for so many more reasons than most people understand. They're a key to so many parts of the PNW region and people.
  • Thank you for the option of skipping past the graphic material. I normally would click off the video, but the option to skip gave me the opportunity to watch the rest of this very interesting video!
  • @tshaffer9681
    This is extremely interesting. I didn't know that different types of Killer Whales existed, I thought they were all the same.
  • @athuddriver
    Both whales and Orcas are more than fascinating. The sheer intelligence and social structures should humble those that can't recognize them as sentient beings. I've been aware of behavioral differences but genetic separation in some cases is new to me. Well done!!!
  • Thank you, it's always great watching a scientific video with no theatrics, bs, or hyperboleI, presented in an interesting, cohesive, and organized way. You're a great teacher!
  • @AifDaimon
    My 16yo niece intends to study marine biology in Republic Polytechnic. I would definitely recommend your channel to her, so she can keep updated on the latest developments
  • Another issue hurting wild salmon populations in the Puget Sound region is the damage to creak and river spawning grounds and lack of effort to restore them. These small streams all used to have independent salmon runs but now, thanks to development, erosion, and a plain lack of effort and education, these salmon runs are almost extinct. We need to actively start to restore these creaks and the runs can be rehabilitated easily using small hatchery boxes that will each see hundreds of salmon return to spawn in four years, the rest becoming part of the ecosystem. I volunteered with a project like this in the early 80s and the results were impressive. The issue is getting the volunteer manpower and cutting through the bureaucratic issues that hamper both the hatchery box placement and creak rehabilitation. This was a nightmarish issue even in the 1980s.
  • Great presentation, you really broke it down well for the layman! Plus you have this adorable excitement that bubbles out of you when you discuss orcas and it makes me feel excited too!
  • @muratveli
    Orca: "I'm the apex predator of the ocean!" Pilot whale: "Allow me to introduce myself."
  • Amazing video! Thank you so much. Went to the website and my messages have been sent. You rock!
  • @anorangetabby
    Great video, KP! Thank you for this type of content. Without it, I would never have known about this issue. Much appreciated! ❤
  • @emilioc700
    Thank you for creating this. Clear, concise, entertaining and informative.
  • @Takwakin40
    Loved this! Good work. Thank you for the update.