Why Rivers Move

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Published 2023-03-07
The basics of fluvial geomorphology (the science behind the shape of rivers)

Watch Part 2 of this series:    • Why Engineers Can't Control Rivers  

Errata: At 11:54, the slope equation is inverted.

We’ve teamed up with @emriver , a company that makes physical river models called stream tables, to create a two-part series on the science and engineering behind why river channels shift and meander and what tools engineers use to manage the process.

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Practical Engineering is a YouTube channel about infrastructure and the human-made world around us. It is hosted, written, and produced by Grady Hillhouse. We have new videos posted regularly, so please subscribe for updates. If you enjoyed the video, hit that ‘like’ button, give us a comment, or watch another of our videos!

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DISCLAIMER
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This is not engineering advice. Everything here is for informational and entertainment purposes only. Contact an engineer licensed to practice in your area if you need professional advice or services. All non-licensed clips used for fair use commentary, criticism, and educational purposes.

SPECIAL THANKS
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Thanks to Emriver for hosting our crew. Check them out at Emriver.com!
This video is sponsored by Keysight.
Stock video and imagery provided by Getty Images and Shutterstock.
Music by Epidemic Sound: epidemicsound.com/creator
Tonic and Energy by Elexive is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution License
Source:    • Elexive - Tonic and Energy [Creative ...  
Producer/Writer/Host: Grady Hillhouse
Editor: Wesley Crump
Production Assistant: Josh Lorenz
Script Editor: Ralph Crewe
Background Painting: Josh Welker
Graphics: Nebula Studios

All Comments (21)
  • @SnappyWasHere
    I am beginning to think the main reason you do YouTube is to satisfy your model building hobby. Another great display!
  • @sean..L
    The fact that there is a company that specializes in creating highly detailed models of rivers is so cool.
  • As a fluvial geomorphologist I wish this video was around 10 years ago so I could sit every city that we went to do a project in and make them watch it! The introductory course 😁. A couple other folks that have really made big strides in predicting river movements are Luna Leopold and Dave Rosgen. Worth looking into their work as well!
  • Thank you for including high quality subtitles with your videos. Automated subtitles are getting better all the time, but names, technical terms, and the like are often incorrect and the pacing can be terrible. You are providing a useful service not only to people with hearing disabilities (me) but also to people who can't watch with full volume sound for a variety of reasons. Again, thank you - your thoughtfulness is genuinely appreciated.
  • i teach college history and refer to the shifting of river channels in my lectures about the transportation revolution in US history. The "wedding cake" steamboat (the one we associate with Mark Twain) was designed specifically to meet the challenges of the constantly-shifting rivers between the Appalachians and Rockies--the Ohio, Mississippi, Missouri, and all the rest. Their most important feature was a VERY shallow draft--two, three feet--to avoid the sandbars, snags, and snakeheads (submerged trees) of the river channels. I'll be citing this video in my classes.
  • As a kayaker this is one phenomena that always seems puzzling whenever you see a river eating away at the edge of a farmer's field. The river has had millions of years to find an optimum path and yet it keeps moving.
  • @Simcitywok
    This guy is the best. He doesn’t play the YouTube clickbait game (“you’ll never believe the 3rd reason why rivers move”) and nothing is controversial or negative. What a prime individual
  • As a water resources/river engineer, well done. All the river engineers I know will tell you that playing with a stream table is one of the most fun things to do and is often the gateway to getting into this field of engineering. I know it certainly was for me.
  • @jonah.mp4564
    watching stream tables and seeing how rivers form is quite possibly my favourite thing. everything on this channel is extremely fascinating but frankly, this is the best yet.
  • @adamplace1414
    If you grew up in a rural area and played outside when it rained, every trickle of water past a muddy patch became your own personal stream table. I found it fascinating then, and I still do today.
  • Thank you Grady for covering this topic! I'm a water resource/river engineer (and fluvial geomorphologist as needed) who often feels unseen in the civil engineering world. As river Restoration and fish passage become bigger parts of the industry our profession is growing rapidly and it's really exciting to see you discuss rivers and their processes! Playing with stream tables like the one here and playing with my grandparent's creek as a kid inspired me to work with rivers. Videos like yours will help to inspire the next generation of river engineers!
  • @borghorsa1902
    My favorite past time! I used to play with water and sand on our farm for hours at a time, have witnessed mini rivers, deluges, dam formations, waterfalls, alluvial floods, mini lakes and even local animal behavior changes because of new "lakes" and "rivers" I have created. Once in the middle of a very dry summer I have created a mini puddle then forgot about it, left the water running, half hour later came back and found a colony of ants making a little trail to the water's edge. There were other bugs appearing out of the "woods" at the shore of the puddle. Dad was joking that I singlehandedly quadrupled our water bill but he never actually stopped me and actually encouraged me to study fluid dynamics 🐜🐝🐝🐝🐝
  • @danrobidoux
    This is an example of a perfect YouTube video, and one that makes the platform worth using. A subject that, although I'd never go out of my way to learn about it on my own, is undeniably fascinating when explained by someone who is both knowledgeable and passionate. I learned so much in the span of 15 minutes, and I'll never look at a river the same way again as a result. What's not to love about that? 🌊
  • @CajunWolffe
    Grady, as an old and retired mechanical engineer, you make me wish I had taken up civil. My career involved massive machinery such as turbines, reciprocal integral gas compressors, and generators. When I graduated from engineering school, we still used slide rules, and I still have my trusty Post Versalog II. Once again, great video; keep them coming to inspire the next generation of engineers.
  • @rogervaught3985
    In the 70's, the Corps of Engineers had a scale model of the Mississippi River drainage basin outside of Jackson, Mississippi. A stream table that covered covered acres! They could simulate precipitation and flow in various areas to better understand how changing precipitation from the Rockies to Pennsylvania could affect flooding and erosion. After thousands of scenarios, it was shut down. It was very interesting to walk over the model and have the project explained.
  • @chrisw.8903
    This is an excellent example of of how to educate people on a complex and unfamiliar topic. Your videos are expertly crafted and written to inform and maintain interest. I am a Service and Product Designer and find so much inspiration in the way you present your content, building upon previously provided information to take the viewer to a new place of understanding. Thank you for making these videos!
  • @OldOneTooth
    As a kindergarten teacher for many years we made many rivers in sandpits everyday, even got water to travel under the sand and made it well up, then move the springs. One of my favorite parts of the job, so no surprises here.
  • That stream table beautifully demonstrates river delta formation. I'd love to see a cross section of it. It looked like it it came right out of my sedimentology text book.
  • Over the lockdown periods of the pandemic, I took a daily walk in the woods behind my parents' neighborhood. There was a little, tucked-away, undeveloped spot where a local significant creek met a significant river of the area. This being an area that tends to get significant downpour that threatens river flooding a few times a year, it was a quite active flow spot that was maybe a food deep on your average day, but I once saw it at about six feet deep. Watching how it changed day by day for a year and a half was honestly a great way to get a sense for now non-static even a relatively healthy stream and river meeting is. When I first started walking there, relatively recently a tree had fallen over the stream, just ten feet before it met the river. Initially, it flowed fine, and the log was a great transport to some trails across the creek that were otherwise a mile away from another access point. But as the year went on, the tree started to significantly dam flow. Stagnant pools developed behind it and on the side i entered, where there was one a long, gradual sandy bank, now had become steeper with a lot of the sand washed away as the main flow transitioned from the far side of the creek to the near. Finally, after a major flood, the near side, sandy bank washed away entirely. The fallen tree and its trapped debris had fully dammed the far bank and the near was now taking the full flow of the stream, what was once a gradual cutoff was now a 3-4 foot high cliff, and you needed to get down to the bank from another spot further upstream. Then, after several months of this, another major flood came, and this time the full tree was carried off entirely! the dam broken, the stream flow returned to the far bank, and within a few months the sandy shore was already half-reformed.. now, a few years later, it's practially fully back to how it was when I first started walking there... truly a testament to the power of water flow!