High Rise Building Construction I Animated I BY : Unirchitect

Construction of Highrise Building

The form was evolved by considering 3 separate zones for residential, offices and commercial. In the first stage, the 3 zones were placed one above the other but it would cause hindrance in their functions. So in the final form taking commercial zone as a base twin tower were extruded for residential and office zone connected together with an observatory on the top.
The construction begins
The substructure starts with marking the position of piles. The piles are driven 30meter deep into the ground using a piling rig. Above it raft foundation is laid as the columns have to bear heavy load and the safe bearing capacity of the soil is low in this area. Raft takes the load coming from the shear wall or columns and transfers it to the soil. This load can be vertical, lateral, or a moment. In return, soil exerts a reaction force on the footing. This is the method of how reinforcement mesh is created for the raft foundation. Additional reinforcement is provided below the columns as a positive bending moment is generated below them.
After the foundation is laid the construction of the superstructure begins by using jump formwork.

We have evolved the form of the building from the convectional rectangular tower into twin towers. We needed a large area for the commercial zone provided at the bottom. The residential and office towers are extruded above it, to make our building ionic we provided an observatory deck on the height of 170 m to get a 360-degree view of the city used as a recreational space that serves both the towers.
As the load of the building and the observatory deck is very high, we had to provide a solid foundation as our site comes under seismic zone-4; we designed a combined pile and raft foundation going 30 m deep into the ground. The whole building rests on a raft foundation of 3m depth. The towers are with both raft and 1m piling foundation.
The stilts on the ground floor are for parking as well as circulation. The main building starts from the first floor, the circulation in the whole structure is through lifts, stairs, and escalators provided. The first and second floors are for shopping, and the 3rd floor is for restaurants and games, etc. There is an atrium at the center of the commercial zone which runs from the 1st floor to the 3rd floor.
The roof of the commercial zone acts as a recreational space with roof gardens, cafes, shading, etc. This space can be accessed from towers as well. The outer perimeter of the tower is 30m by 30 m with a core of 10m by 10m.
It is an outrigger structure with columns on the outer periphery connected to centrally located core through beams hence the load transfers.
We chose an outrigger structure system within the towers to provide lateral stability.
Double height outrigger floors having k-type eight outrigger trusses situated at an interval of 20 floors.

The slab is a cast-in-situ reinforced concrete with an outer façade of the tower covered with Low-E glass connected by spider fittings on corners.
The formwork used in casting the columns and core is jump formwork for faster and easier workflow.
There is a reinforced concrete core consisting of one staircase, three passenger lift, and one service lift running from stilt to the observatory on the top.
The whole observatory deck is divided into 8 steel segments where 2 segments in the center are acting like a bridge truss having a span of 58m and 3 segments of 7 m wide at each ends forms rib structure which is cantilevered up to 28m.
A Box girder of 350 ton back span is placed on the top of the building to support the cantilever steel truss.
These steel segments are prefabricated and are brought to the site in different parts, with the help of lifting gantries. These segments are lifted and fixed at its position with the help of bolts.
To fill the gaps of the steel segments aluminum deck is used which acts as the base slab of the observatory.
Conclusion
The process of making this project proved to be very knowledgeable and inspiring. We went through various case studies from around the world for collecting the data and understanding the basics. Through our journey, we learned how these complex structures work and what construction techniques are used in the high-rise. The challenges that an architect comes across to make the structure work together to their maximum capacity and create a habitable environment for the people.

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