TWO Earth-like planets found in the HABITABLE ZONE (just 6% bigger than Earth!)

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Published 2024-03-07
The holy grail of exoplanets research is to find an Earth-like planet in the habitable zone around its star (where it's not too hot and not too cold for life to exist) and then study its atmosphere with the James Webb Space Telescope to determine if life is present there. But to do that, we have to find these planets first. This is where the TESS mission comes in; this month a research paper was published claiming to have found TWO possible Earth-like planets in the habitable zone. The hope is that we can use JWST to study at least one of them.

Dransfield et al. (2024) - arxiv.org/pdf/2305.06206.pdf
My previous video on the history of exoplanets and how we discovery them -    • The discovery of the first exoplanet ...  
My video from last week on JWST directly imaging two new exoplanets -    • JWST discovers exoplanets orbiting DE...  
Video on what phase folding of exoplanet light curves is -    • What is phase folding and how can it ...  

00:00 - Introduction
00:51 - The TESS (Transiting Exoplanet Survey Satellite) mission
02:06 - How we find exoplanets
03:59 - Why the majority of habitable zone planets are around M-dwarf stars
05:31 - The red dwarf star TOI-715
06:21 - The first planet found: TOI-715b
07:14 - The second planet candidate TIC 271971130.02
08:10 - Can we study their atmospheres with JWST?
10:46 - Bloopers

Video filmed on a Sony ⍺7-IV


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👩🏽‍💻 I'm Dr. Becky Smethurst, an astrophysicist at the University of Oxford (Christ Church). I love making videos about science with an unnatural level of enthusiasm. I like to focus on how we know things, not just what we know. And especially, the things we still don't know. If you've ever wondered about something in space and couldn't find an answer online - you can ask me! My day job is to do research into how supermassive black holes can affect the galaxies that they live in. In particular, I look at whether the energy output from the disk of material orbiting around a growing supermassive black hole can stop a galaxy from forming stars.


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All Comments (21)
  • @realdragon
    Meanwhile people on the other planet staring back at us: We found planet in habitable zone that is just 6% lighter than ours!
  • @wild_lee_coyote
    People don’t realize how thin the atmosphere really is. Take a standard school size globe, and the atmosphere is slightly thinner than a paper clip. So the science to detect an atmosphere in an earth sized planet it’s very impressive.
  • @Kualinar
    Not only the orbital period is longer for planets in the habitable zone making the transits easier to miss, but, the angle of it's orbital plane relative to us need to be much smaller. Otherwise, it will transit above or under the star, and, we'll miss it entirely.
  • @djnobad
    I was at the bus stop today and overheard a mother talking to her daughter about the talk she had to do for school. It was about these new exoplanets that had been discovered. The little girl couldn't find any information on them, so I piped in and recommended your channel as you might have covered it. And went on my way. Had to check you did and I'm so happy I found it as the little girl will have all the information she needs for her talk, in an understandable and accessible way. Love your work, and bloopers! :)
  • @mm-qd1ho
    Your videos keep getting better, which is impossible because they’ve been excellent from the start. As always, thank you!
  • @bearcubdaycare
    It's wild that there's already a history of exoplanet detection.
  • TESS has four cameras, and one points for most of the year in the same direction --- so we can get short-duration planets out at the satellite's "horizon", but longer-duration ones in the direction of the satellite's "zenith". Still crazy hard to find an Earth-year-long period as you say. Thanks for a great and solid video (as always) --- I'm on the TESS Instrument team and we're sharing it around! --- the care you take to walk through the topics clearly and accurately is really, really appreciated
  • Wonderful news! Like you said, there has been so much attention on planets around red dwarves or the larger planets. I've been doing my best to be patient because I know there are good reasons for this...and the work that has been done so far is just incredible...but now we're getting closer. Yay! Love ya Dr. Becky, you are one of the jewels of YouTube!
  • Can I suggest a correction? At around 2:50 you say that with the transition method, it's easier to find planets that are larger and that are closer to their star. You explain that in both cases the planets block more light. That's true of course for bigger planets, but not really for planets closer to their stars. The apparent diameter of an exoplanet is proportional to the inverse of its distance to us. And when we're talking about light years of distance, a few Astronomical Units more or less isn't gonna make much difference. The reasons exoplanets with higher orbits are harder to find are the reason you did explain (shorter periods means quicker to confirm) but also the fact that far-orbiting planets must be almost perfectly aligned to pass in front of its star. A close orbiting planet means its orbit's inclination has more wiggle room for it to still pass in front of its star's disk. So that's why finding close orbiting exoplanets is more likely.
  • @MCsCreations
    Thanks a bunch for the news, dr. Becky! 😊 Stay safe there with your family! 🖖😊
  • @neoanderson7
    It's absolutely impressive how we're able to detect those type of things from such a distance. Our tech is getting better... 🙂
  • @DanielSolis
    A note of caution to would-be tourists: It's the "habitable" zone, not the "comfortable" zone. Don't buy a ticket just yet. :)
  • Iv been helping classify data from Tess on zooniverse for years. It's what motivated me to get my MSc in Astronomy. It's so cool to hear about discoveries like this!
  • Interesting habitable planet potentials. Looking forward to seeing how further studies add and refine the list. Your song was perfect, btw 🎵
  • @Aaramlias
    I love how excited you are about this ..... I know the feeling .... stuff like this is incredibly fascinating. At times I wish I had more people around me that could get as excited about new discoveries with exoplanets as I do.
  • @ericfielding2540
    Interesting results from TESS, and your usual informative and engaging discussion.
  • I bought your audiobook and have thoroughly enjoyed listening to it! Hope you find your birthday present soon in our solar system 👍
  • @MrWinotu
    Hi Dr Becky, I love these videos and news you present each month. Astronomy is my passion since childhood. Now I am trying to pass it on to my children.