Why Is 1/137 One of the Greatest Unsolved Problems In Physics?

3,509,507
0
Published 2022-09-28
Thank you to Squarespace for supporting PBS. Go to ​www.squarespace.com/pbs for a free trial, and when you are ready to launch, go to Squarespace.com/PBS to save 10% off your first purchase of a website or domain.

PBS Member Stations rely on viewers like you. To support your local station, go to:to.pbs.org/DonateSPACE

Sign Up on Patreon to get access to the Space Time Discord!
www.patreon.com/pbsspacetime

The Fine Structure Constant is one the strangest numbers in all of physics. It’s the job of physicists to worry about numbers, but there’s one number that physicists have stressed about more than any other. That number is 0.00729735256 - approximately 1/137. This is the fine structure constant, and it appears everywhere in our equations of quantum physics, and we’re still trying to figure out why.


Check out the Space Time Merch Store
www.pbsspacetime.com/shop

Sign up for the mailing list to get episode notifications and hear special announcements!
mailchi.mp/1a6eb8f2717d/spacetime

Search the Entire Space Time Library Here: search.pbsspacetime.com/

Hosted by Matt O'Dowd
Written by Fernando Franco Félix & Matt O'Dowd
Post Production by Leonardo Scholzer, Yago Ballarini, Pedro Osinski, Caique Oliveira, Adriano Leal & Stephanie Faria
GFX Visualizations: Ajay Manuel
Directed by Andrew Kornhaber
Associate Producer: Bahar Gholipour
Executive Producers: Eric Brown & Andrew Kornhaber
Executive in Charge for PBS: Maribel Lopez
Director of Programming for PBS: Gabrielle Ewing
Assistant Director of Programming for PBS: John Campbell

Spacetime is produced by Kornhaber Brown for PBS Digital Studios.
This program is produced by Kornhaber Brown, which is solely responsible for its content.
© 2022 PBS. All rights reserved.

End Credits Music by J.R.S. Schattenberg: youtube.com/user/MultiDroideka

Special Thanks to Our Patreon Supporters

Big Bang Supporters
Scott Gilgallon
Ryan Salsamendi
Steffen Bendel
Gautam Shine
NullBlox.ZachryWilsn
Adam Hillier
Bryce Fort
Peter Barrett
David Neumann
Charlie
Leo Koguan
Alexander Tamas
Morgan Hough
Amy Hickman
Juan Benet
Vinnie Falco
Fabrice Eap
Mark Rosenthal
David Nicklas

Quasar Supporters
Vivaan Vaka
Glenn Sugden
Sujasha Gupta Vaka
Vikram Vaka
Alex Kern
Ethan Cohen
Stephen Wilcox
Christina Oegren
Mike Conroy
Mark Heising
Hank S

Hypernova Supporters
Floki
Ryan Moser
Ivari Tölp
Vyce Ailour
Brandon Paddock
Oneamazinguy
Ken S
Gregory Forfa
Kirk Honour
Mark Evans
drollere
Joe Moreira
Marc Armstrong
Scott Gorlick
Paul Stehr-Green
Russell Pope
Ben Delo
Scott Gray
Антон Кочков
John R. Slavik
Mathew
Donal Botkin
John Pollock
Edmund Fokschaner
Joseph Salomone
chuck zegar
Jordan Young
John Hofmann
Daniel Muzquiz

Gamma Ray Burst Supporters
Nikhil Sharma
Alexander Gruber
Jonathan Cordovano
John Anderson
Scott Hannum
Paul Widden
Bradley Ulis
Craig Falls
Kane Holbrook
John Yaraee
Ross Story
teng guo
Mason Dillon
Harsh Khandhadia
Thomas Tarler
bsgbryan
Sean McCaul
Carsten Quinlan
Susan Albee
Frank Walker
Matt Q
MHL SHS
Terje Vold
James Trimmier
Anatoliy Nagornyy
comboy
Andre Stechert
Paul Wood
Kent Durham
jim bartosh
Nubble
Ramon Nogueira
The Mad Mechanic
Ellis Hall
John H. Austin, Jr.
Diana S
Faraz Khan
Almog Cohen
Alex Edwards
Ádám Kettinger
MD3
Endre Pech
Daniel Jennings
Cameron Sampson
Geoffrey Clarion
Russ Creech
Jeremy Reed
Eric Webster
David Johnston
Web Browser
Michael Barton
Mr T
Andrew Mann
Isaac Suttell
Devon Rosenthal
Oliver Flanagan
Bleys Goodson
Robert Walter
Bruce B
Mirik Gogri
Mark Delagasse
Mark Daniel Cohen
Nickolas Andrew Freeman
Shane Calimlim
Tybie Fitzhugh
Robert Ilardi
Eric Kiebler
Craig Stonaha
Graydon Goss
Frederic Simon
Tonyface
John Robinson
A G
David Neal
justahat
John Funai
Tristan
Bradley Jenkins
Kyle Hofer
Daniel Stříbrný
Luaan
Cody
Thomas Dougherty
King Zeckendorff
Dan Warren
Patrick Sutton
John Griffith
Daniel Lyons
DFaulk
Kevin Warne

All Comments (21)
  • @CL-ie5fz
    Its 0.007299, not that hard to solve bros.
  • @peabody3000
    i can attest: it's amazing how i always understand almost exactly 1/137th of every PBS spacetime video i watch
  • @przemek3556
    Wolfgang Pauli had always been mystified by fine structure constant. He died in hospital in room number 137.
  • @jrp107
    "To build a universe it may be that only one number needs to be decided. And from it all other constants of nature follow." That sounds a lot like the seed value for a procedurally generated world (like mincraft)... But I also like the idea that it could be related to some higher level geometries that we don't yet understand (like PI is to circles).
  • @EnesMiracKaya
    Some alien civilization wanted to make a fully simulated space game. One programmer set a constant as 1/137 during development, then left the dev team. After a while some other programmer went over the code and couldn't figure out what the constant was for. He commented the code saying "I don't know what it does or why it has that value. When deleted the whole universe breaks down so don't touch it."
  • @MichaelNiles
    Little known fact: our universe was a typo, the 4D experimentalists had originally meant to type "1337" for the seed phrase
  • @diegosolis9681
    The most interesting thing about physics is that when we start to tug on the strings of one thing we find out it's tangled with the strings of the entire universe. In Marcus Aurelius words: “And in the case of superior things like stars, we discover a kind of unity in separation. The higher we rise on the scale of being, the easier it is to discern a connection even among things separated by vast distances.” Dude lived thousands of years ago and he was already unto something
  • I loved the way you all wrapped this video up. Gave me goosebumps thinking that the universe could be built off of one constant variable. Something extremely complex came from something so simple.
  • Outstanding and stimulating video! When I studied physics at UC Berkeley, my quantum mechanics classes were Physics 137A and 137B, not a coincidence
  • Pauli died in 1958 in Zürich in hospital room No. 137. He was crazy about this room number and saw it as a bad sign!
  • @pizza8725
    This number is also the ratio between electronic force and strong force so it could be related to this
  • @andywallace56
    A thought moment: It's fascinating that the rough age of the universe has been believed to be around 13.7 billion years.
  • wow the conundrum really is like discovering pi but not being able to visualise a circle
  • @ArseneGray
    I stopped understanding anything really 40 episodes ago or so. But I am addicted to this channel <3
  • It’s wonderful to have a proportional representation of the proton being projected as an electron after a proton is discovered and weighted in terms of h bar in a field between two h bars. A discovery indeed! To get to h bar.. Thank you Mat.
  • Let me add something unexplored. The number 137 appears as the hypotenuse in a Pythagorean Triple with the proportions 88:105:137. The sum of these three numbers is 330. Divide 330 by 105 and the quotient is 22/7, the famous fraction used to represent pi. All this leads to marvellous things.
  • @reggieziet
    Man I understood 1/137th of it all, but still nice to learn something new that is truly fascinating.
  • @henryj.8528
    Astrophysicist Arthur Eddington was fascinated by pure numbers. He promoted the "Eddington number, " which he calculated to be 10E80 protons in the universe (current estimate). He used that number and a complicated formula to derive the fine structure constant which had been measured to be 1/136 (at the time). Later, when alpha was measured more accurately and determined to be 1/137, Eddington revised his formula so that it now equaled 1/137. He was then known as "Arthur Adding-one." On the other hand, he's also the guy who put Einstein on the map.
  • @Condorman1
    Thank you Matt and Space Time. You put on an amazing presentation every single time.
  • I am amazed! If I was younger, I would choose a physics study in quantummechanica! But these kind of videos keep me up to date!