Game theory can explain humanity’s biggest problem | Steven Pinker

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Publicado 2023-03-17
Harvard professor Steven Pinker explains that everyone suffers from this rationality error.

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Cognitive psychologist Steven Pinker argues that while the Enlightenment ideals of using knowledge to enhance human well-being are not inherently natural to us, they are vital for societal progress. 

But one obstacle standing in front of greater progress centers on game theory, particularly situations involving the tragedy of the commons. The tragedy of the commons describes a predicament in which individuals independently pursue their own interests, leading to the overexploitation and eventual depletion of a shared resource, ultimately harming everyone's well-being.

According to Pinker, one example of a tragedy of the commons lies within what we choose to believe in public. An individual might be incentivized to believe in something because it will make them look good to people in their circle. But if enough people behave in this way, the likely consequence is that fewer people will be incentivized to earnestly search for truth. 

Still, Pinker maintains a hopeful outlook. He cites advancements in science and morality as evidence of progress, and he argues that humanistic values hold an inherent advantage, as they appeal to universal human desires and shared experiences.

0:00 Knowledge: It’s unnatural
1:17 Game theory’s ‘tragedy of the commons’
1:59 The rationality commons
2:55 Is there hope for civilization?

Read the video transcript ► bigthink.com/series/great-question/game-theory-378…

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About Steven Pinker:
Steven Pinker is an experimental psychologist who conducts research in visual cognition, psycholinguistics, and social relations. He grew up in Montreal and earned his BA from McGill and his PhD from Harvard. Currently Johnstone Professor of Psychology at Harvard, he has also taught at Stanford and MIT. He has won numerous prizes for his research, his teaching, and his nine books, including The Language Instinct, How the Mind Works, The Blank Slate, The Better Angels of Our Nature, The Sense of Style, and Enlightenment Now: The Case for Reason, Science, Humanism, and Progress.

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Todos los comentarios (21)
  • @bigthink
    What's an example of the tragedy of the commons that you hope we move past?
  • @AtomLabX
    This should be an hour video, going into detail, and explaining more about it. I do think that 4 mins is not enough, yet great topic, I never knew about the game theory, and now I do. Fun fact: my thesis paper, was against Steven Pinker, because I did not agree that the world is making progress as he claims. What is funny is, later after a year from writing that, I read two of his books, and now I'm one of his biggest fans, because I do think he is own to something. That is the power of reading and trying to have an open mind.
  • @neur0ness
    To the tragedy of the commons, I might also include the bystander effect. Things we would all benefit from working on.
  • @Semper_Iratus
    Humanity’s biggest problem is the arrogance of self belief and the inflection of it onto others.
  • @hwway4488
    I would love to see an example of a mathematical model/simulation of game theory applied to the social sciences like this such as to an area of the economy or to the city transportation like in the example. Everyone’s best interests can be compatible and seen to in a humanistic way.
  • @SupaPlayerYoBoi
    But that’s just a theory. A humanity theory! Thanks for watching!
  • @markotrieste
    3:53 not sure about that last one... the saying goes that, in times of universal availability of knowledge, ignorance is a choice, and I see too many people choose ignorance.
  • @PierceArner
    2:42 reminds me of a quote from Captain Jean-Luc Picard in Star Trek: The Next Generation on prioritizing truth, "The first duty of every Starfleet officer is to the truth, whether it's scientific truth or historical truth or personal truth! It is the guiding principle on which Starfleet is based. And if you can't find it within yourself to stand up and tell the truth about what happened, you don't deserve to wear that uniform!"
  • @noahschulte7601
    I agree. Matpat may just be able to explain humanity's biggest problems.
  • @mrlucius57
    the world needs more enlightenment humanism. As Pinker said, we all want and need a food water, warmth etc. I think there is a most efficient model where everyone gets those things(through technological applications; for example ease of "creating" food today vs. 2000 years ago) instead of competing and hoarding them. Im rooting for us
  • @ksheshadri1167
    Was this talk delivered to this channel, or, is there a full talk that one can access? Link to that?
  • @jsb354
    I don't see our present day threats and challenges [just] where this presenter sees them, and I don't see "progress" where sees it. I do see game theory being played out globally by different sets of factors and variables.
  • Humanity's biggest problems are the same as they have always been: selfishness and dishonesty.
  • @luthfinashi5558
    Can game theory modified to include irrational behavior? I don't think people usually think rationally. When you assume people think rationally, it will give a big contradiction, practically and even theoretically.
  • @austinedeclan10
    Downplaying the value, role and impact of emotions and feelings in all the progress thats been made as well as the upheaval that's been created. Somethings were changed, not because we thought they were horrible but because we felt they were horrible. Rational though and action are one part of the human puzzle and not the whole of it
  • @pohkeee
    Yes BEAUTIFUL MINDS are being drowned out by the insanity of “ othering “ for power grabs. Divided the earth goes down in flames…the final lose/lose. Gosh, I had forgotten what a bright light of hope Steven is…I have got to dust of a couple of his books and reinvigorate myself!
  • @jotighe2
    'Tragedy of the Commons' refers to the overgrazing of (now) Central Park in the 1800s, not shared tragedies of the common man.
  • @SOMAnxg
    In the sense that homo sapiens have always been "explorers", seekers of facts, one would hope that [facts] "truth" is far more important than personal "feelings". All through childhood and even into a state of maturity we are always reminded and encouraged to "learn to control our emotions". As an undergraduate majoring in Sociology I had the fortune of Game Theory study, except then where I was in university it was taught as a slight variant referred to as "Exchange Theory". It "woke" me to a new understanding of human social intercourse.
  • @dokgo7822
    This video was ok. I enjoyed it, but wish it was longer & more in depth, as it just seemed to scratch the surface with a general overview. Does the word rational insinuate that logic must be backed by math? Is it illogical or irrational if personal logic or rationale is based on beliefs? Does finding common ground mean that people/a person is being rational by establishing a "more correct" answer? Does a "more correct" answer really differ from a black & white answer if the outcome is the same?
  • @gonetoheck
    I am reminded that we are no longer in a toilet paper crisis each time I see someone in your videos sitting on a big fat roll of it !!